Development a brain controlled prosthetic hand Research Paper

Development a brain controlled prosthetic hand - Research Paper Example The recorded brain signals are then used to control a physical or virtual device that carries out a task according to the user's intent. The first step we took when designing the prosthetic hand was to decide on the best control mechanism for finger movement. The goal for our design was to minimize the number of actuators necessary to control the movement of the finger and simplify the equations needed to describe the motion of the finger. The first proposal, which was the tension controlled model, consisted of the three joints of the finger, with a cable attached to a fixed point on each link of the finger which was run back through the finger to an actuator mechanism at the hand or behind the wrist. For this model, each joint would have a compliant mechanism which forced the resting state of the links to be in the bent position. The second approach for this design has the complaint mechanisms such that the resting state for the links is in the straightened positions. A second design proposal included the use of pneumatic systems to drive the bending or unbending of the fingers. In this proposal small tubes could be used to fill with either air or liquid to actuate the finger. The noise would create the same discomfort for the user as non life-like prosthetics. The third proposal for the finger design wa... In this proposal small tubes could be used to fill with either air or liquid to actuate the finger. The noise would create the same discomfort for the user as non life-like prosthetics. The third proposal for the finger design was a pulley system to control each joint independently. Pulley's would be placed at each joint in the finger, and would be independently controlled by its own wire. Therefore, when the actuator is active, the fingers will bend and hold their positions. When the actuator becomes inactive, the compliant mechanism would return the fingers to their straightened positions. In the designs described above, a pulley at each joint in the finger would have a cable wrapped around it just enough for it to actuate the exact number of degrees of rotation required at that joint. It may be possible to use flexinol in place of the motors, but testing would need to be completed to confirm that overheating does not occur and that temperatures of the prosthesis do not rise above the melting point of the prosthetic skin covering. One aspect of this design that we later incorporated into our final design was the knuckle joint. This piece had to be designed so that it could provide space for the pulley to rotate as well as allow the finger to rotate side to side. This piece also had to allow for the actuating cables to pass through it on its path to the motors. The third, and final, approach to the design of the finger uses a four bar mechanism to control the movement of the finger, and compliant mechanisms to move the finger back to its resting state at the straight position. In this design, the four bar linkage is placed between the two upper joints on the finger. From our preliminary research, we had determined the

Critically analyse and evaluate current research and literature Essay

Critically analyse and evaluate current research and literature relating to the significance of the presence and absence of ano-genital injuries in posr puberta - Essay Example Male have testosterone while female have estrogen and progesterone. The reproductive stage continues until old age both in male and in female and eventually these are the secondary sex characteristics and events of puberty. It is essential to remember that however, that it is the puberty that represents the beginning period of the reproductive system activity. (Marieb, 2002) The ano-genital area of the human body, sometimes referred to as â€Å"genito-anal† includes the anus and the genitals of both sexes. The genito-anal plays a vital role in pre-pubertal and post pubertal stages. Earlier, the certain part of the body is not taken into consideration unlike nowadays where certain diseases can de diagnosed through the examination of the anus and the genitals. The observations can also serve as indicators of the sexual abuse especially in women. Many of the characteristics of the ano-genital areas are further studied to show its significance in many other reproductive processes and development. The ano-genital areas of both male and female can be differentiated if these were abused or not. In pre-pubertal ano-genital area is most likely have the characteristic of none presence of warts, hematomas, and lacerations mostly in children. These are just some of the sign if the certain individual have been sexually abused. In post-pubertal stages, the ano-genital appears to be the opposite of that of the pre-pubertal. In female victims, bleeding and discharge in both genital and anal region are more visible. (Hobbs and Wynne, 1999) The ano-gential index (AGI) or the value of the distance between the anus and the genitals divided the body weight, is primarily the comparative tool between individuals (Barett, 2006). The ano-genital index is commonly used in boys who had been exposed in chemicals. Scientists believed that exposure to chemicals such as